Activity of various immunosuppressive drugs on tuberculin hypersensitivity reaction in chickens

Drug induced immunosuppression of chicken immune response was studied in F1 hybrids of the CB and IC inbred lines. In tuberculin reaction complete inhibition of wattle swelling was induced by the administration of methotrexate, colcemid (1 mg/KBW), and 6-mercaptopurine. The cellular infiltration was substantially reduced in these cases. Cyclophosphamide and colcemid (0.1 mg/KBW) reduced partially the wattle swelling but had no apparent effect on the cellular infiltration. Acetinomycin D did not affect in measurable degree the wattle swelling. The histologic picture was in this case the same as in the control animals. The same drug administration schedule had less pronounced effect on anti-HSA antibody production. No anti-HSA antibody was found after the 500 mg/animal doses of 6-mercaptopurine. Significant reduction of anti-HSA titres was found after 50 mg/animal doses of 6-mercaptopurine, colcemid (1 mg/KBW), 25 MG/KBW or cyclophosphamide and after the methotrexate treatment.     

Modeling of the Effect of Path Planning on Thermokinetic Evolutions in Laser Powder Deposition Process

A thermokinetic model coupling finite-element heat transfer with transformation kinetics is developed to determine the effect of deposition patterns on the phase-transformation kinetics of laser powder deposition (LPD) process of a hot-work tool steel. The finite-element model is used to define the temperature history of the process used in an empirical-based kinetic model to analyze the tempering effect of the heating and cooling cycles of the deposition process. An area is defined to be covered by AISI H13 on a substrate of AISI 1018 with three different deposition patterns: one section, two section, and three section. The two-section pattern divides the area of the one-section pattern into two sections, and the three-section pattern divides that area into three sections. The results show that dividing the area under deposition into smaller areas can influence the phase transformation kinetics of the process and, consequently, change the final hardness of the deposited material. The two-section pattern shows a higher average hardness than the one-section pattern, and the three-section pattern shows a fully hardened surface without significant tempered zones of low hardness. To verify the results, a microhardness test and scanning electron microscope were used.     

制鞋工业中用于抑菌处理的甘油-酸酯

以甘油与不同偶数脂肪酸为原料合成了一系列甘油-酸酯(MAGS):甘油一辛酸酯(MAG C 8:0),甘油一癸酸酯(MAG C10:0),甘油-2-乙基乙酸单酯(MAG 2Eth-C 6:0)和甘油一月桂酸酯(MAG C 12:0),测定其抑菌效果.这些材料以乙醇溶液的形式应用于衬里材料上.酵母菌(白色念菌和近平滑假丝酵母)的实验证明这两种酵母菌对MAG C 8:0和MAG C 10:0敏感.在100～150mg/L的浓度范围内MAG C 8:0和MAG C10:0抑制微生物生长.纤维霉菌特别受到MAG C 8:0(100mg/L)溶液的抑制.当这一浓度的MAG C 8:0溶液应用于被测材料时,黑曲霉、点状毛霉、赭绿青霉具有抵抗性.实验证明,各种MAGS对不同种类可造成霉菌病的真菌微生物的防霉效果不同.     

离子表面活性剂和胶原间的相互作用(续)

ＳＤＢＳ-ＣｒＢＡＴｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｔｈｅｒｍｓＳｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｔｈｅｒｍｓｗｅｒｅｄｅｔｅｍｉｎｅｄａｔｔｗｏｄｉｆ ｆｅｒｅｎｔｐＨｌｅｖｅｌｓ,ｉ.ｅ.ｐＨ =3ｗｈｅｒｅｍｏｓｔｆｒｅｅＮＨ2-ｇｒｏｕｐｓａｒｅｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｏｆ-ＮＨ3+,ａｎｄｕｎｄｅｒｉｓｏ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ(ｐＨ～ 6.5 )ｗｈｅｒｅａｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉｎ ｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｍａｙｂｅａｓｓｕｍｅｄａｎｄｗｈｅｒｅ ,ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ ,ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＱｔ…     

Raspberry wine fermentation with suspended and immobilized yeast cells of two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The objectives of this study were to assess the differences in fermentative behaviour of two different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EC1118 and RC212) and to determine the differences in composition and sensory properties of raspberry wines fermented with immobilized and suspended yeast cells of both strains at 15 °C. Analyses of aroma compounds, glycerol, acetic acid and ethanol, as well as the kinetics of fermentation and a sensory evaluation of the wines, were performed. All fermentations with immobilized yeast cells had a shorter lag phase and faster utilization of sugars and ethanol production than those fermented with suspended cells. Slower fermentation kinetics were observed in all the samples that were fermented with strain RC212 (suspended and immobilized) than in samples fermented with strain EC1118. Significantly higher amounts of acetic acid were detected in all samples fermented with strain RC212 than in those fermented with strain EC1118 (0.282 and 0.602 g/l, respectively). Slightly higher amounts of glycerol were observed in samples fermented with strain EC1118 than in those fermented with strain RC212. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessment of green cleaning effectiveness on polychrome surfaces by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry and microscopic imaging

This article proposes an innovative methodology which employs nondestructive techniques to assess the effectiveness of new formulations based on ionic liquids, as alternative solvents for enzymes (proteases), for the removal of proteinaceous materials from painted surfaces during restoration treatments. Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as “designer” solvents, because of their peculiar properties which can be adjusted by selecting different cation‐anion combinations, are potentially green solvents due totheir low vapour pressure. In this study, two ionic liquids were selected: IL1 (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF₄])) and IL2 (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethylsulphate ([EMIM][EtSO₄])). New formulations were prepared with these ILs and two different proteases (E): one acid (E1—pepsin) and one alkaline (E2—obtained from Aspergillus sojae). These formulations were tested on tempera and oil mock‐up samples, prepared in accordance with historically documented recipes, and covered with two different types of protein‐based varnishes (egg white and isinglass—fish glue). A noninvasive multiscale imaging methodology was applied before and after the treatment to evaluate the cleaning's effectiveness. Different microscopic techniques—optical microscopy (OM) with visible and fluorescent light, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)—together with Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization—Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) were applied on areas cleaned with the new formulations (IL + E) and reference areas cleaned only with the commercial enzyme formulations (gels). MALDI‐TOF proved particularly very useful for comparing the diversity and abundance of peptides released by using different enzymatic systems. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:574–585, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An architecture for the vlsi design of systems for time-frequency analysis and time-varying filtering

A flexible system for time-frequency signal analysis is presented. It is based on the S-method, which has a significant advantage in implementation since it can involve, as a key intermediate step, the Short-time Fourier transform or the Hartley transform, each widely studied and commonly used in practice. Signal invariant and signal dependent system forms are presented. Hardware design, for a fixed-point arithmetic, is well-structured and suitable for vlsi implementation. The same hardware, without additional time requirements, may be shared for the simultaneous realization of the fourth order L-Wigner distribution, as well as for the realization of the cross-terms free fourth order polynomial Wigner-Ville distribution. This possibility makes the designed hardware suitable for wide range of the applications. The proposed hardware is applied to the realization of time-varying filtering, as well. Finally, it has been implemented with fpga chips (Field Programmable Gate Array) in order to verify the results on real devices.     

Flux Dynamics in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 Thin Films

Investigations on flux dynamics of ring-shaped T1₂Ba₂CaCu₂O₈ superconducting thin films have been carried out by measuring the temperature dependent magnetization M(T) during field-cooling (FC) and zero-field-cooling (ZFC) processes. For a given magnetic field, from the magnetization behavior two distinct temperatures, T_kink and T_irr, can be defined. Below T_kink, a clear hysteretic behavior of M(T) is observed leading to a large irreversible signal ΔM = M_FC ? M_ZFC. Above T_kink, this irreversible signal, though being very small, is still non-zero until it eventually vanishes at a higher temperature T_irr. Above T_irr, both curves M_FC(T) and M_ZFC(T) merge together and become temperature independent. We attribute the first region ( T< T_kink) to a 3D vortex-glass phase, the second region (T_kink < T < T_irr) to a vortex line liquid state and the third region (T_irr < T < T_c) to a pancake liquid state.     

Implications of Tc-Variation in UBe13 for a Possible Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov Phase

We measure the heat capacity of a UBe₁₃ sample with an unusually low T _c for a polycrystal. We find an upturn in the upper critical field H _c2(T) below about T _c/2, much as for higher-T _c samples. Comparing the critical fields in our sample and in samples with higher T _c's shows that the low temperature limit of H _c2 is proportional to T _c(H = 0), as expected if the upturn comes from an FFLO phase and strong coupling.     

Optimization of peripheral non-round cylindrical grinding via an adaptable constant-temperature process

This paper introduces two new concepts in peripheral cylindrical grinding of non-round workpieces: (1) choosing process parameters based on a thermal model for achieving a constant temperature; and (2) optimizing the grinding process for shorter cycle times while applying the concept of constant temperature. The modeling of geometry, kinematics and thermal aspects accounts for large variations in specific material-removal rate, contact length and workpiece velocity as the workpiece rotates. Optimization is validated both in simulation and with grinding experiments, including measurements of Barkhausen noise. Significantly reduced cycle times are obtained along with a better ability to avoid thermal damage.